There is now more awareness of the implications of men's attitudes and behaviours on the spread of sexually transmitted infections (including HIV/AIDS), early or unwanted pregnancies, maternal mortality, and children's social and economic neglect. There is also greater emphasis on the importance of bringing men's specific needs and concerns around sexuality, reproduction and fatherhood into the equation, and of seeing men as part of the solution to reproductive and sexual health problems rather than simply the problem. This document contains the findings of a study conducted in Nicaragua on the involvement of men in sexual and reproductive health. Findings revealed that men's attitudes towards women are often conservative and patriarchal: for instance, men are seen as the ones who make decisions and have the last word, and are seen as having more sexual needs than women. Almost half of the men interviewed accepted and justified violence against women. Although the majority of men interviewed expressed the importance of sharing responsibility for the upbringing of their children, in practice, those who do not live with their children have very little contact with them. Recommendations emphasised the importance of designing initiatives to promote men's participation in sexual and reproductive health which take into account diversity (i.e. age, urban/rural, regional) and have specific strategies for each different group of men targeted. Another recommendation is to promote initiatives that encourage men's active participation in pre- and post-natal care by showing them how they can contribute meaningfully.